Momentum comes from p = m × v and its unit is the kg m/s, so this Year 10 physics sheet starts by defining what an object's motion carries. The key also records that momentum is conserved and that a larger mass explains why a heavy body keeps its motion.
Key Takeaways
Momentum is calculated as p = m × v (Q1).
The unit of momentum is kg m/s (Q2).
The key records that momentum is conserved.
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark Each)
Choose the correct option for each question.
1.Which formula is used to calculate momentum?
(a) p = m × v(b) p = m ÷ v(c) p = v ÷ m(d) p = m + v
2.What is the unit of momentum?
(a) kg m/s(b) newton(c) joule(d) kg m/s²
3.In an isolated collision, momentum is always what?
(a) conserved(b) lost as heat(c) reduced to zero(d) created during the impact
4.Impulse is equal to which quantity?
(a) the change in momentum(b) the change in speed(c) the force times the distance(d) the mass times the acceleration
5.Force is equal to the rate of change of what?
(a) momentum(b) speed(c) displacement(d) temperature
6.A lorry and a car travel at the same speed. The lorry has more momentum because of what?
(a) its larger mass(b) its larger engine(c) its lower friction(d) its greater number of wheels
Section B: Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks Each)
Show all steps clearly.
7.Define momentum and state its unit.
8.State the principle of conservation of momentum.
9.Explain how a seat belt reduces the force on a driver during a crash.
10.Define impulse.
11.Write the formula linking force and the change in momentum.
12.Explain why a gun recoils when it fires a bullet.
13.What is an elastic collision?
14.Give the formula for momentum and state the unit of each quantity.
Section C: Numericals & Word Problems (3 Marks Each)
Apply the concepts to solve the problems. Show all working.
15.A 2 kg object moves at 3 m/s. Using p = m × v, calculate its momentum.
16.An object has a momentum of 20 kg m/s and a mass of 4 kg. Using v = p ÷ m, calculate its velocity.
17.A 1000 kg car accelerates from rest to 10 m/s in 5 s. Calculate the change in momentum, then use F = change in momentum ÷ time to find the average force.
18.A 3 kg trolley moving at 2 m/s collides with and sticks to a 1 kg trolley that is at rest. Using conservation of momentum, calculate the combined velocity of the two trolleys after the collision.
19.A force of 50 N acts on a 2 kg object for 0.2 s. Calculate the impulse and the resulting change in velocity.
20.A 5 kg object moving at 4 m/s hits a wall and stops in 0.1 s. Using F = change in momentum ÷ time, calculate the average force exerted on the wall.
Answer Key
1. a) p = m × v
2. a) kg m/s
3. a) conserved
4. a) the change in momentum
5. a) momentum
6. a) its larger mass
7. Refer to solution guide.
8. Refer to solution guide.
9. Refer to solution guide.
10. Refer to solution guide.
11. Refer to solution guide.
12. Refer to solution guide.
13. Refer to solution guide.
14. Refer to solution guide.
15. Refer to solution guide.
16. Refer to solution guide.
17. Refer to solution guide.
18. Refer to solution guide.
19. Refer to solution guide.
20. Refer to solution guide.
End of Worksheet
People Also Ask
What formula calculates momentum?
p = m × v, option (a) in this worksheet (Q1).
What is the unit of momentum?
kg m/s, option (a) in this worksheet (Q2).
What happens to total momentum when no external force acts?
It is conserved, from the answer key on this page.
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